Mac keyboard shortcuts

By pressing certain primal combinations, you can do things that normally need a mouse, trackpad, or other input device.

To use a keyboard shortcut, printing and hold ane or more modifier keys and and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to utilize Command-C (re-create), printing and concur the Command primal, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:

  • Command (or Cmd) ⌘
  • Shift ⇧
  • Option (or Alt) ⌥
  • Control (or Ctrl) ⌃
  • Caps Lock ⇪
  • Fn


On keyboards fabricated for Windows PCs, apply the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such equally for brandish brightness, keyboard brightness, Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't bachelor on your keyboard, yous might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys every bit F1, F2, F3, or other standard part keys, combine them with the Fn key.

Cut, copy, paste, and other mutual shortcuts

  • Command-10: Cut the selected detail and re-create it to the Clipboard.
  • Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This besides works for files in the Finder.
  • Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This besides works for files in the Finder.
  • Control-Z: Undo the previous control. You lot can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, y'all tin undo and redo multiple commands.
  • Command-A: Select All items.
  • Command-F: Observe items in a document or open a Find window.
  • Command-Yard: Detect Again: Discover the adjacent occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
  • Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front end app just hide all other apps, press Selection-Command-H.
  • Control-Thou: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, printing Option-Command-M.
  • Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
  • Command-P: Print the current document.
  • Command-South: Save the current document.
  • Command-T: Open a new tab.
  • Command-Due west: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Choice-Command-W.
  • Choice-Command-Esc: Forcefulness quit an app.
  • Command–Infinite bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Control–Option–Space bar. (If yous use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
  • Control–Command–Infinite bar: Show the Graphic symbol Viewer, from which y'all can choose emoji and other symbols.
  • Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
  • Infinite bar: Apply Quick Expect to preview the selected detail.
  • Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app amongst your open up apps.
  • Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later on, have a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or employ Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
  • Shift-Command-N: Create a new binder in the Finder.
  • Control-Comma (,): Open up preferences for the forepart app.

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

Y'all might demand to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you lot to avoid using them unintentionally.

* Does not employ to the Touch ID sensor.

Finder and arrangement shortcuts

  • Control-D: Duplicate the selected files.
  • Command-Eastward: Eject the selected disk or volume.
  • Command-F: Kickoff a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
  • Control-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
  • Control-R: (1) When an allonym is selected in the Finder: prove the original file for the selected alias. (ii) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (three) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates once again.
  • Shift-Control-C: Open the Computer window.
  • Shift-Control-D: Open the desktop folder.
  • Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
  • Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Binder window.
  • Shift-Command-H: Open up the Home folder of the electric current macOS user account.
  • Shift-Command-I: Open up iCloud Drive.
  • Shift-Control-K: Open up the Network window.
  • Choice-Control-Fifty: Open the Downloads folder.
  • Shift-Command-N: Create a new binder.
  • Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
  • Shift-Command-P: Evidence or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
  • Shift-Command-R: Open up the AirDrop window.
  • Shift-Control-T: Bear witness or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
  • Control-Shift-Control-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (Os X Mavericks or later)
  • Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
  • Pick-Command-D: Prove or hide the Dock.
  • Control-Command-T: Add the selected detail to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or afterward).
  • Pick-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
  • Pick-Command-South: Hide or bear witness the Sidebar in Finder windows.
  • Control–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
  • Command-J: Bear witness View Options.
  • Command-M: Open the Connect to Server window.
  • Command-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
  • Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
  • Option-Command-Due north: Create a new Smart Folder.
  • Command-T: Testify or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
  • Pick-Control-T: Bear witness or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open up in the current Finder window.
  • Option-Control-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
  • Control-Y: Apply Quick Await to preview the selected files.
  • Choice-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
  • Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
  • Control-two: View the items in a Finder window every bit a list.
  • Command-iii: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
  • Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
  • Control–Left Subclass ([): Become to the previous binder.
  • Control–Right Subclass (]): Become to the next folder.
  • Control–Upwardly Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current binder.
  • Command–Control–Upward Arrow: Open the binder that contains the electric current folder in a new window.
  • Control–Downwards Arrow: Open up the selected item.
  • Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in listing view.
  • Left Pointer: Shut the selected folder. This works merely when in list view.
  • Command-Delete: Movement the selected item to the Trash.
  • Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
  • Option-Shift-Control-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
  • Command–Brightness Downwardly: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than than one brandish.
  • Choice–Effulgence Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
  • Control–Brightness Upward or Control–Brightness Downwardly: Modify the brightness of your external display, if supported past your display.
  • Choice–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the aligning on your external display, if supported by your brandish.
  • Option–Mission Control: Open up Mission Command preferences.
  • Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
  • Control–Down Arrow: Evidence all windows of the front end app.
  • Selection–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
  • Selection–Shift–Volume Upwardly or Option–Shift–Volume Downwardly: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
  • Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Effulgence fundamental.
  • Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Downwardly: Adjust the keyboard effulgence in smaller steps.
  • Choice key while double-clicking: Open the particular in a separate window, and then close the original window.
  • Command fundamental while double-clicking: Open up a folder in a separate tab or window.
  • Control cardinal while dragging to another volume: Motility the dragged detail to the other volume, instead of copying information technology.
  • Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you lot drag the particular.
  • Option-Command while dragging: Brand an allonym of the dragged item. The arrow changes while you elevate the particular.
  • Choice-click a disclosure triangle: Open up all folders within the selected binder. This works merely when in list view.
  • Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current binder.
  • Acquire how to utilize Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
  • Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.

Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.

  • Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
  • Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or plough italics on or off.
  • Command-K: Add a web link.
  • Command-U: Underline the selected text, or plough underlining on or off.
  • Command-T: Show or hibernate the Fonts window.
  • Command-D: Select the Desktop binder from within an Open dialog or Relieve dialog.
  • Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected discussion.
  • Shift-Command-Colon (:): Brandish the Spelling and Grammar window.
  • Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
  • Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion betoken.
  • Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion indicate. Or use Delete.
  • Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion bespeak. Or utilise Fn-Delete.
  • Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forrard Delete   cardinal. Or use Command-D.
  • Command-Thousand: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
  • Fn–Upward Arrow: Page Up: Scroll upwards one folio.
  • Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
  • Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Curl to the offset of a document.
  • Fn–Right Pointer: Cease: Scroll to the cease of a document.
  • Command–Upwards Arrow: Motility the insertion point to the beginning of the certificate.
  • Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
  • Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion betoken to the beginning of the electric current line.
  • Command–Right Arrow: Movement the insertion point to the stop of the current line.
  • Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the start of the previous word.
  • Pick–Right Pointer: Move the insertion point to the end of the next give-and-take.
  • Shift–Command–Upwardly Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the kickoff of the document.
  • Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text betwixt the insertion point and the cease of the document.
  • Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text betwixt the insertion signal and the showtime of the current line.
  • Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion signal and the stop of the electric current line.
  • Shift–Up Pointer: Extend text selection to the nearest grapheme at the same horizontal location on the line above.
  • Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest grapheme at the same horizontal location on the line beneath.
  • Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
  • Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one grapheme to the right.
  • Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the showtime of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
  • Selection–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed once more.
  • Pick–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text option to the offset of the electric current word, and then to the beginning of the following give-and-take if pressed over again.
  • Pick–Shift–Right Pointer: Extend text choice to the end of the current discussion, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
  • Command-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
  • Control-E: Movement to the cease of a line or paragraph.
  • Command-F: Movement one grapheme forward.
  • Control-B: Motility one character backward.
  • Control-L: Center the cursor or option in the visible area.
  • Control-P: Movement upwards one line.
  • Command-Due north: Movement down i line.
  • Command-O: Insert a new line afterward the insertion signal.
  • Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion indicate.
  • Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
  • Command–Correct Curly Bracket (}): Right marshal.
  • Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
  • Option-Control-F: Become to the search field.
  • Selection-Command-T: Show or hibernate a toolbar in the app.
  • Selection-Control-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
  • Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
  • Choice-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Utilize the style of the surrounding content to the detail pasted inside that content.
  • Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
  • Shift-Command-P:  Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
  • Shift-Command-South: Display the Salvage As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
  • Shift–Control–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
  • Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
  • Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help card.

Other shortcuts

For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can take its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that piece of work in 1 app might not work in another.

  • Accessibility shortcuts
  • Safari shortcuts
  • Spotlight shortcuts
  • Startup shortcuts
  • Apple Music shortcuts: Cull Assist > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
  • Other shortcuts: Cull Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

Published Date: